Smoking
1).
What are the health risks of smoking?:
2).
Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking:
Smoking: In the long term, smokers are at greater risk of blood cancer (leukemia). There's a risk to nonsmokers, too. Breathing secondhand smoke has an immediate effect on the cardiovascular system. Exposure to secondhand smoke increases your risk of stroke, heart attack, and coronary heart disease
4).
What
are the health risks of smoking?:
Smoking is one of the biggest causes
of death and illness in the UK.
Every year around 100,000 people in the
UK die from smoking, with many more living with
debilitating smoking-related illnesses.
Smoking increases your risk of
developing more than 50 serious health conditions. Some may be fatal and others
can cause irreversible long-term damage to your health.
You can become ill:
- if you smoke yourself
- through other people's smoke (passive smoking)
Smoking health risks
Smoking causes
about 90% of lung cancers. It also causes cancer in many other parts of the body, including the:
- mouth
- lips
- throat
- voice box (larynx)
- oesophagus (the tube between your mouth and stomach)
- bladder
- kidney
- liver
- stomach
- pancreas
Smoking damages your heart and your
blood circulation, increasing your risk of developing conditions such as:
- coronary heart disease
- heart attack
- stroke
- peripheral vascular disease (damaged blood vessels)
- cerebrovascular disease (damaged arteries that supply blood to your brain)
Smoking also damages your lungs, leading
to conditions such as:
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which incorporates bronchitis andemphysema
- pneumonia
Smoking can also worsen or prolong
the symptoms of respiratory conditions such as asthma,
or respiratory tract infections such as the common cold.
In men, smoking can cause impotence because
it limits the blood supply to the penis. It can also reduce
the fertility of both men and women.
Health
risks of passive smoking
Secondhand smoke comes from the tip
of a lit cigarette and the smoke that the smoker breathes out.
Breathing in
secondhand smoke – also known as passive smoking – increases your
risk of getting the same health conditions as smokers. For example,
breathing in secondhand smoke increases a non-smoker's risk of developing lung
cancer by about a quarter.
Babies and children are particularly
vulnerable to the effects of secondhand smoke. A child who is exposed to
passive smoke is at increased risk of developing chest
infections, meningitis, a persistent cough and,
if they have asthma,
their symptoms will get worse. They're also at increased risk of cot death and
an ear infection called glue ear.
5).
Health
Effects of Cigarette Smoking:
Cigarette smoking
harms nearly every organ of the body,
causes many diseases, and reduces the health of smokers in general.1,2
Quitting smoking lowers your risk
for smoking-related diseases and can add years to your life.1,2
Smoking and Death
Cigarette
smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States.1
- Cigarette smoking causes more than 480,000 deaths each year in the United States. This is nearly one in five deaths.1,2,3
- Smoking causes more deaths each year than the following causes combined:4
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- Illegal drug use
- Alcohol use
- Motor vehicle injuries
- Firearm-related incidents
- More than 10 times as many U.S. citizens have died prematurely from cigarette smoking than have died in all the wars fought by the United States during its history.1
- Smoking causes about 90% (or 9 out of 10) of all lung cancer deaths in men and women.1,2 More women die from lung cancer each year than from breast cancer.5
- About 80% (or 8 out of 10) of all deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are caused by smoking.1
- Cigarette smoking increases risk for death from all causes in men and women.1
- The risk of dying from cigarette smoking has increased over the last 50 years in men and women in the United States.1
Smoking and Increased Health Risks
Smokers
are more likely than nonsmokers to develop heart disease, stroke, and lung
cancer.1
- Smoking is estimated to increase the risk—
- For coronary heart disease by 2 to 4 times1,6
- For stroke by 2 to 4 times1
- Of men developing lung cancer by 25 times1
- Of women developing lung cancer by 25.7 times1
- Smoking causes diminished overall health, increased absenteeism from work, and increased health care utilization and cost.1
Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease
Smokers
are at greater risk for diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels
(cardiovascular disease).1,2
- Smoking causes stroke and coronary heart disease, which are among the leading causes of death in the United States.1,3
- Even people who smoke fewer than five cigarettes a day can have early signs of cardiovascular disease.1
- Smoking damages blood vessels and can make them thicken and grow narrower. This makes your heart beat faster and your blood pressure go up. Clots can also form.1,2
- A stroke occurs when a clot blocks the blood flow to part of your brain or when a blood vessel in or around your brain bursts.1,2
- Blockages caused by smoking can also reduce blood flow to your legs and skin.1,2
Smoking
and Respiratory Disease
Smoking
can cause lung disease by damaging your airways and the small air sacs (alveoli)
found in your lungs.1,2
- Lung diseases caused by smoking include COPD, which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.1,2
- Cigarette smoking causes most cases of lung cancer.1,2
- If you have asthma, tobacco smoke can trigger an attack or make an attack worse.1,2
- Smokers are 12 to 13 times more likely to die from COPD than nonsmokers.1
Smoking and Cancer
Smoking
can cause cancer almost anywhere in your body:1,2 (See figure
above)
- Bladder
- Blood (acute myeloid leukemia)
- Cervix
- Colon and rectum (colorectal)
- Esophagus
- Kidney and ureter
- Larynx
- Liver
- Oropharynx (includes parts of the throat, tongue, soft palate, and the tonsils)
- Pancreas
- Stomach
- Trachea, bronchus, and lung
Smoking
also increases the risk of dying from cancer and other diseases in cancer
patients and survivors.1
If nobody smoked, one of every three cancer deaths in the United
States would not happen.1,2
Smoking: In the long term, smokers are at greater risk of
blood cancer (leukemia). There's a risk to nonsmokers, too. Breathing
secondhand smoke has an immediate effect on the cardiovascular system. Exposure
to secondhand smoke increases your risk ofstroke, heart attack,
and coronary heart disease
