Salat (Prayer)
The importance of prayer in Islam is
great as it is the foremost duty of Muslims and one of the pillars on which the
structure of Islam stands. It distinguishes Muslims from non-Muslims. The Holy
Prophet, Sall-Allahu alayhi wa sallam, said:
"What stands between a man and
disbelief is the abandonment of prayer."
"Know that among your duties,
prayer is foremost."
The object of prayer is to remember
Allah. That is why prayer was dearest to the Prophet, Sall-Allahu alayhi wa
sallam, as he said:
"He who gives up prayer has
indeed disbelieved."
It is also important not to pray
carelessly as the Quran says:
"Woe to praying ones who are
heedless of their prayers." [Al-Ma'un 107:4-5]
Praying five times a day is
compulsory. Prayer consists of recitation of the Holy Quran and glorification
of Allah accompanied by various body postures such as standing, bowing,
prostrating, and sitting. Through these postures, Muslims express submission,
adoration, and humility to Allah. The Prophet Muhammad, Sall-Allahu alayhi wa
sallam said:
"You should worship Allah as if
you see Him; because though you don't see Him, He surely sees you."
Prayer protects one from sins and
shameful deeds. Prayer purifies a person and brings him closer to Allah. The
Quran says:
"Establish prayer, for prayer
restrains from shameful and unjust deeds." [Al-'Ankabut 29:45]
The five daily prayers consist of
1.
Fard:
obligatory prayer
2.
Sunnah:
Prophet's tradition
3.
Wajib:
obligatory prayer (Denying a Fard makes one a non-Muslim but denying a Wajib
makes one a sinner. One must make up any missed Fard or Wajib prayers.)
4.
Nafl:
voluntary prayer
The sunnah are again divided into
Sunnah Muakkadah and Sunnah Ghair Muakkadah. Sunnah Muakkadah means an act that
Prophet Muhammad, Sall-Allahu alayhi wa sallam, always used to do. These rakats
must be offered. (However if missed, there is no makeup or qada for it). Sunnah
Ghair Muakkadah are sunnahs that Prophet Muhammad, Sall-Allahu alayhi wa
sallam, used to leave sometimes without any reason. These are not obligatory.
Fajr:
2 Sunnah Muakkadah
2 Fard
2 Fard
Zuhr:
4 Sunnah Muakkadah
4 Fard
2 Sunnah Muakkadah
2 Nafl
4 Fard
2 Sunnah Muakkadah
2 Nafl
Asr:
4 Sunnah Ghair Muakkadah
4 Fard
4 Fard
Maghrib:
3 Fard
2 Sunnah Muakkadah
2 Nafl
2 Sunnah Muakkadah
2 Nafl
Isha:
4 Sunnah Ghair Muakkadah
4 Fard
2 Sunnah Muakkadah
2 Nafl
3 Witr
2 Nafl
4 Fard
2 Sunnah Muakkadah
2 Nafl
3 Witr
2 Nafl
In addition to the above, the terms
Fard, Wajib, Sunnah, and Nafl are also applied to conditions or actions within
salat. If one misses any Fard part of salat, the salat will be invalid. That
omission cannot be compensated by making Sajda Sahv. If a Wajib is missed unintentionally,
one can make Sajda Sahv to make up for it.
Fard Parts before the Salat:
·
Body
has to be clean of all sorts of impurities.
·
Garments
should be clean and pure.
·
Place
of salat should be clean.
·
Covering
of Satr.
·
The
right time for salat.
·
Facing
the Qiblah.
·
Having
the intention to offer salat.
Fard Parts During the Salat
·
To
began salat with Takbeer Tahrima.
·
Qiyam
in every rakah.
·
Qirat
(in two rakah of Fard, and all rakahs of Sunnah, Wajib, and Nafl)
·
Ruku
in every rakah.
·
Two
Sijdahs in every rakah.
·
Qa'adah
Akhirah
·
Salam
(To end the salat).
Wajib Parts
·
To
recite Surah Al- Fatiha in every rakah
·
Recite
a portion of Quran in the first two rakah of Fard and in every rakah of other
salats after Fatiha.
·
To
observe sequence.
·
To
observe Qauma.
·
To
observe Jalsah.
·
To
observe Qa'ada Ula.
·
To
recite Tashahud at least once in the two rak'ahs.
·
To
raise hands with Takbeer for Qunut in the last rakah of Witr.
·
To
pronounce additional Takbeers in Eid salats.
Sunnah Parts
·
To
raise hands and turn palms towards Qibla before Takbeer Tahrimah. For males to
ear lobes. For female shoulder level.
·
To
keep the head erect while pronouncing Takbeer Tahrimah.
·
To
tie hands properly after Takbeer Tahrimah.
·
To
recite Thana.
·
To
pronounce Taawwuz.
·
To
recite Bismillah before Fatiha.
·
To
recite only Fatiha in 3rd and 4th rakah of Fard.
·
To
recite Ameen after Fatiha.
·
To
pronounce tasbih in ruku and sijdah at least thrice.
·
To
place the knees first, then two hands, then nose and at last forehead in
sijdah.
Mustahabb Part
·
To
look during Qiyaam to the place of sijdah, to look between the two feet during
ruku', at the thighs during Qa'dah, and at the shoulders during Salaam.
Things That Break Salat
·
Talking
·
Crying
(scream)
·
To
ignore, break, or miss one of the Fard parts (intentionally or
unintentionally).
·
To
deliberately miss any Wajib parts of the salat or unintentionally and failing
to perform sijdah-Sahaf.
·
To
cough or moan unnecessarily.
·
To
chew or eat something.
·
Breaking
into laughter.
·
To
commit a blunder in the recitation of Quran so as to change the meaning.
·
To
move about or shift unnecessarily.
·
To
repeat an act irrelevant to the salat over and over again.
·
To
try to read something in front.
Undesirable Things
·
Wearing
clothes against the established customs or practices.
·
Trying
to fold the garments to save them from dust.
·
Playing
with garments, hair, etc.
·
Offering
salat in an undignified dress.
·
Performing
the salat bareheaded.
·
Standing
up for salat when there is a strong desire to go to the bathroom.
·
Placing
one's hands on the hip or back.
·
Shaping
the fingers or intertwining the fingers of one hand with those of the other.
·
Turning
the face away from the Qiblah or casting side-glances.
·
Yawning
on purpose.
·
Praying
in garments or on mat that has pictures of animals on them or in a place where
there are pictures of living beings.
·
Standing
in the back of Jamaat when there is room in the front.
·
Keeping
the eyes closed except for concentrating.
·
Prostrating
one's self by touching only the forehead or only nose or only edge of the cap.
·
Sitting
square during the salat without a genuine reason.
·
Bending
down for ruku before finishing the recitation properly and tying to complete it
in the ruku.
·
Reciting
the Quran regardless of sequence or size in various Rakahs of Fard salat.
·
Neglecting
a Sunnah part in the salat.
·
Raising
both feet of the ground in sijdah.
Cases in Which Salat Can Be Broken
·
A
train, airplane, or ship is going to set off for destination.
·
If
a snake or harmful creature appears.
·
In
case of danger of material loss.
·
If
a person feels a strong desire to go to the bathroom.
·
If
there is a danger of a blind person falling and drowning in the stream.
·
If
the clothing catches fire.
·
Parents
or grandparents call for help in affliction.
Fidyah for one missed salat is the
same as that of one missed fast. Therefore, if a person missed all
the salats on a day, he will be required to pay fidyah for 6 salats (including
the obligatory Witr salat).
Fard (F): obligatory prayer
Wajib (W): wajib also means
obligatory
Sunnah
(S): Sunnah means Prophet's (saww) tradition
Sunnah
Muakkadah (SM) : Sunnah Muakkadah means an act that Prophet
Muhammad,(saww), always used to do These rakats must be offered. (However if
missed, there is no makeup or qada for it).
Sunnah
Ghair Muakkadah (SGM) :
Sunnah Ghair Muakkadah are sunnahs that Prophet Muhammad(saww) used to
leave sometimes without any reason.These are not obligatory.
Nafl (N): Nawafil
plural form of an Arabic word Nafl which means voluntary or optional
prayer
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fajr Prayer
2 Sunnah : (SM)
Al-Fathiha
+ Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha
+ Recite a surah
2 Fard : (F)
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Zuhr Prayer
4
Sunnah :
(SM)
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Page-1
4
Fard : (F)
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha
Al-Fathiha
2 Sunnah: (SM)
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
2 Nafl: (N)
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a
surah
Asr Prayer
4
Sunnah: (SGM)
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Page-2
4
Fard : (F)
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha
Al-Fathiha
Maghrib Prayer :
3 Fard : (F)
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha only
2 Sunnah: (SM)
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
2 Nafl: (N)
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Page-3
Isya' Prayer
4
Sunnah : (SGM)
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
4 Fard : (F)
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha
Al-Fathiha
2 Sunnah : (SM)
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
2 Nafl: (N)
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Page-4
3
Witr: (W)
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + al-Ikhlas
+ dua kunut
Nawafil: 2
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Others
Jumah prayer:
Prophet Muhammad
(saw) has given a strong warning to a person who leaves his Jumah prayer
without a good reason
4
Kablal jummah (Sunnah)
:
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Page-5
2 Fard in the mosque
with imam: (F)
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
4
Badal jummah (Sunnah) :
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Al-Fathiha + Recite a surah
Wajib (W) :
Two
Rak'at of Eidul-Fitr
Two
Rak'at of Eidul-Adha
Two
Rak'at are offered while performing the Tawaaf of K'aba.
Nafl (N)
Eight
Rak'at of Tahajjud
Four
Rak'at of Ishraaq Prayer
Two
Rak'at offered when one enters a mosque
Two
Rak'at offered when seeking blessing for God Almighty
Two
Rak'at offered as Salat-ul-Hajaat
Two
Rak'at offered as Thanksgiving Prayer
Page-6
Important
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