Islamic
Vocabulary
Islamic Vocabulary
'adab
|
(n) Islamic manners and behavior
|
'aqidah:
|
(n) belief or creed
|
'adl
|
(n) 1). Justice; 2). righteous conduct
|
ahad
|
(a) singular; a hadith whose narrators do not reach anywhere near the
number for the mutawatir(continuous) hadith.
|
Ahkâm :
|
"Orders". According to Islamic Law, there are five kinds of
orders : 1. Compulsory (Wajib) 2. Order without obligation (Mustahab) 3.
Forbidden (Muharram) 4. Disliked but not forbidden (Makruh) 5. Legal and
allowed (Halâl)
|
Al – Quthum
|
Allah’s Messenger (saas), the best of creation, one who has all good
virtues and characteristics gathered together in him
|
Akhirah
|
the Hereafter; the life beyond this transitory one
|
Bid'ah:
|
Innovation in the creed or in acts of worship
|
Dabt:
|
(n) strong retentive memory; a necessary characteristic of the
transmitters of Traditions
|
Da’if
|
(a) weak; a characterization of hadith in which there is some defect
either in the chain of transmission or in perfect agreement with beliefs and
practices
|
Fitnah:
|
(n) temptation, discord, civil war, trial
|
Fitra:
|
nature of humans as created by humans as created by Allah(swt)
|
Hadith
|
(pl: ahadith): the recorded teachings, sayings and actions of Prophet
Muhammad (saas) which explain and interpret the Qur’anic verses and Message
of Islam
|
Hadiyyah:
|
(n) gift
|
Hajj:
|
(n) the pilgrimmage to Makkah; one of the Five Pillars of Islam
|
Hasan
|
(a) the Good; a categorization of hadith similar to sahih except that
some of its narrators are found to have defective memories in comparison to
sahih narrators
|
Hasad:
|
envy
|
Haya:
|
an attitude and behavior in which all indecency is avoided, therefore
acting as a preventive measure against numberous sins; as such it serves to
strengthen faith
|
Hijrah:
|
(n) emigration; the hijrah to Madinah from Makkah took place in 622
a.d.
|
Hikmah
|
(n) 1). Wisdom; 2). The Wisdom, the Qur’anic term for the Sunnah of
Rasullah (saas)
|
Hilm:
|
Self- restraint
|
Hukm/ahkam
|
(n) a legal judgement, an ordinance, a decree; a verdict
|
Ibadat:
|
(n) acts of workship; a comprehensive word comprising deeds and words
that Allah loves and is pleased with whether manifested or hidden; There are
two conditions of Ibadah: 1. Sincerity to Allah, 2. Submission to Allah's
Messenger i.e. to act according to his Sunnah. Some types of Ibadah are the
prayers, the obligatory charity,fasting, the pilgrimage, fear of Allah, hope
in His Mercy, Seeking His aid. and other acts of worship which Allah has
commanded and enjoined.
|
Ihsân :
|
The highest level of deeds and worship, (perfection i.e. when you
worship Allah or do deeds, consider yourself as if you see Him and if you
cannot achieve this feeling or attitude, then you must bear in mind that He
sees you).
|
Ijtihad:
|
Intellectual effort of Muslim jurists to reach independent religio-
legal decisions, a key feature of modern Islamic reform; one who exercises
ijtihad is a mujtahid
|
Ikhlas:
|
extreme sincerity
|
‘Ilm:
|
Knowledge
|
Isnad:
|
(n) the chain of transmitter through whom the hadith was transmitted
|
Isharat:
|
signs of the Last Day
|
Jami’:
|
(n) a comprehensive and inclusive reference book of hadith
|
Jihad:
|
(n) striving in the way Allah (swt) 'We are a people of Jihad.
Struggling for the cause of Allah (SWT) to bring down barriers of injustice
that deprives humanity from realizing their true potential which is to be
slaves to Allah (SWT).
|
Karam:
|
Generousity
|
Kibar/kibr:
|
(n) false pride
|
Kitab:
|
(n) 1). Book; 2). The Book of Allah (swt) (Al- Quran)
|
Khutbah:
|
(n) sermon
|
Khalifah:
|
(n) caliph
|
Kufr:
|
(n) denial of the Truth of Allah (swt) disbelief
|
Manaqib:
|
(n) virtues, outstanding traits; feats, exploits
|
Mujahid:
|
(n) warrior; one who strives through jihad
|
Matn:
|
(n) the text and content of hadith
|
Mawdu:
|
(a) fabricated; an untue hadith which has been fabricated Muhajir (pl
muhajirun): (n) 1). Emigrant 2). One who gives up what Allah has prohibited
(Bukhari)
|
Muhrim
|
One who assumes the state of Ihram for the purpose of performing the
Hajj or 'Umra.
|
Mursal:
|
a hadith in which a tabi’I (successor) transmits from Rasullah (saas)
directly
|
Musnad:
|
(n) collection in which Traditions are arranged according to the names
of the Sahabah
|
Muntaq’I:
|
a hadith going back to the successor only
|
Mu’ dal
|
a hadith in which two continuous links are missing in one or more
places from the isnad
|
Mu’ allaq
|
a hadith collection, which includes
Traditions neglected by earlier compilers
|
Mustakhraj:
|
(n) a work in which later scholars revise works of the early major
scholars and add to them additional commentaries.
|
Muttafaqun ‘ alai-hi
|
(a) agreed upon; any hadith which is tranmitted by Bukahri and Muslim
|
Mutawtir:
|
(a) continuous; a hadith reported by a large number of people in
different times, to make it impossible for any falsehood to enter it. It is
reported by a large number of narrators whose agreement upon a lie is
inconceivable. This condition must be met in the entire chaing from origin of
the report to the end.
|
Mu’jam
|
(n) a type of collection sometimes arranged according to alphabetical
order
|
Qadar
|
believe that everything — good or bad — happens or takes place
according to what Allah has ordained for it. He has created everything in due
proportion
|
Qudsi tradition:
|
a hadith directly inspired by Allah (swt)
|
Rahmah:
|
Mercy for Humans and Animals
|
Rifq:
|
kindness
|
Sabr:
|
(n) to exercise self-control; will power; control over animal desires;
patience; constancy
|
Sadaqah:
|
(n) spending voluntarily in the cause of Allah (swt)
|
Sadaqah jariyah
|
(n) recurring charity
|
Sakina:
|
a divine tranquility that is believed to descend when the Qur’an is
recited
|
Sunnah
|
(n) 1). A practice, a way, a rule, a precedent; a manner of life; 2).
Traditions and practices of the Prophet (saw) used as a complement to the
Qur’an in understanding the laws of Allah
|
Sahih:
|
(a) the name given to the absolutely correct hadith in which there is
no weakness and all the transmitters are proven to have possessed both ‘adl
and dabt
|
Sawm:
|
(n) fasting
|
Sirah/siyar:
|
(n) conduct, deportment, behavior, way of actiing
|
Shahid:
|
(n) martyr
|
Shirk:
|
Allah in His acts i.e. ascribing partners or setting up rivals to
Allah in His rights.There are three types of polytheism: 1). The greater
polytheism (Shirk Akbar). 2). The lesser polytheism (Shirk Asghar). 3). The
inconspicuous polytheism (Shirk Khafi).
|
Shirk Akbar
|
devote any form of worship to other than Allah. Allah will never
forgive one who dies upon Shirk,nor accept his good deeds, and he would be
cast out from the folds of Islam.There are four types of greater polytheism:
1). The polytheism in invocation i.e. involving supplications to other than
Allah. 2). The polytheism in intentions i.e. purpose and intentions not for
the sake of Allah but directed towards other deities. 3). The polytheism in obedience
i.e. rendering obedience to any authority against the Order of Allah. 4). The
potytheism in love i.e showing love to others which is due to Allah Alone.
|
Shirk Asghar
|
The lesser polytheism is that means the acts of worship done to gain
praise or fame rather than to please Allah, this type of polytheism, however,
does not cast the person committing it out of the fold of Islam.
|
Shirk Khafi
|
The inconspicuous polytheism implies being dissatisfied with the
conditions ordained by Allah.The proof of the above Shirk is the saying of
the Prophet “The inconspicuous polytheism is more hidden among this nation
than the track of a black ant over a black stone on a dark night” (Musnad
Ahmad)
|
Sirât:
|
originally means 'a road'; it also means the bridge that will be laid
across Hell-Fire for the people to pass over on the Day of Judgement. It is
described as sharper than a sword and thinner than a hair. It will have hooks
over it to snatch the people
|
Suffah:
|
(n) the first Islamic University, established in the mosque of the
Prophet (saw)
|
Tafsir
|
(n) exegesis or explanation into a subject (such as the Qur’an)
|
Tabi’I
|
(n) one who follows; those who succeeded the Sahabah
|
Taghut
|
Everything that is worshipped or followed or obeyed other than Allah
is Taghut. They are many but their leaders are Five: 1). Satan, may Allah
curse him, 2). Anyone who is worshipped with his consent. 3). A person who
calls the people to be worshipped instead of Allah. 4). A person who claims
the knowledge of Ghaib (unseen, hidden, invisible, absent etc). 5). The ruler
who rules by laws other than the law sent down by Allah.
|
Tarbiyah:
|
cultivation and education
|
Tasfiyah:
|
cleansing and purification
|
Tauhid
|
declaring Allah to be the only God who deserves to be worshipped in
truth and confirming all attributes with which He has qualified Himself or
that are attributed to Him by His Messenger . There are three aspects of
Tauhid: 1- Tauhid-ar-Rububiyah. 2- Tauhid-al-Uluhiyah, 3-Tauhid-al-Asma
was-Sifat.
|
Tauhid-ar-Rububiyah
|
It is declaring Allah to be One and Unique in His work, Iike creation,
sustenance, bringing to life and causing death etc.
|
Tauhid-al-Uluhiyah
|
It is declaring Allah as the Only God to whom all acts worship must be
dedicated such salat (prayers), Zakat, Sawm(fasting), supplications vowing
etc.
|
Tauhid-al-Asma was-Sifat
|
It is an affirmation of all the Given Names and Attributes of Allah in
a manner that suits His Majesty, as mentioned in the Qur'an
and the Sunnah.
|
Taqlid:
|
Adoption and imitation of traditional legal decisions. Criticized by
reform-minded legal thinkers as blind imitation – opposite of ijitihad
|
Tawadu’
|
humility
|
Tawakkul:
|
Trust in Allah (swt)
|
Tilawa:
|
Ritual recitation of the Qur’an
|
Ulama’
|
(sing‘alim) (n) those learned in Islam
|
Ummah
|
(n) the Muslim community
|
Wudu’
|
(n) ablution; a special ritual of washing which precedes the Islamic
prayers
|
Zakah:
|
(n) the mandatory giving of alms or charity to the poor; it is
calculated as two and a half percent of the one’s annual savings; one of the
Five Pillars of Islam
|
No comments:
Post a Comment