201--S - Smoking

Smoking

1).

What are the health risks of smoking?: 

http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/2344.aspx?CategoryID=53

2).

Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking: 

http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/effects_cig_smoking/

Smoking: In the long term, smokers are at greater risk of blood cancer (leukemia). There's a risk to nonsmokers, too. Breathing secondhand smoke has an immediate effect on the cardiovascular system. Exposure to secondhand smoke increases your risk of stroke, heart attack, and coronary heart disease

4).

What are the health risks of smoking?: 

http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/2344.aspx?CategoryID=53

Smoking is one of the biggest causes of death and illness in the UK.

Every year around 100,000 people in the UK die from smoking, with many more living with debilitating smoking-related illnesses.

Smoking increases your risk of developing more than 50 serious health conditions. Some may be fatal and others can cause irreversible long-term damage to your health.

You can become ill:

• if you smoke yourself
• through other people's smoke (passive smoking)

Smoking health risks

Smoking causes about 90% of lung cancers. It also causes cancer in many other parts of the body, including the:

• mouth
• lips
• throat
• voice box (larynx)
• oesophagus (the tube between your mouth and stomach)
• bladder
• kidney
• liver
• stomach
• pancreas

Smoking damages your heart and your blood circulation, increasing your risk of developing conditions such as:

• coronary heart disease 
• heart attack
• stroke
• peripheral vascular disease (damaged blood vessels)
• cerebrovascular disease (damaged arteries that supply blood to your brain)

Smoking also damages your lungs, leading to conditions such as:

• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which incorporates bronchitis andemphysema 
• pneumonia 

Smoking can also worsen or prolong the symptoms of respiratory conditions such as asthma, or respiratory tract infections such as the common cold.

In men, smoking can cause impotence because it limits the blood supply to the penis. It can also reduce the fertility of both men and women.

Health risks of passive smoking

Secondhand smoke comes from the tip of a lit cigarette and the smoke that the smoker breathes out.

Breathing in secondhand smoke – also known as passive smoking – increases your risk of getting the same health conditions as smokers. For example, breathing in secondhand smoke increases a non-smoker's risk of developing lung cancer by about a quarter.

Babies and children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of secondhand smoke. A child who is exposed to passive smoke is at increased risk of developing chest infections, meningitis, a persistent cough and, if they have asthma, their symptoms will get worse. They're also at increased risk of cot death and an ear infection called glue ear.

5).

Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking: 

http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/effects_cig_smoking/

Cigarette smoking harms nearly every organ of the body, causes many diseases, and reduces the health of smokers in general.^1,2

Quitting smoking lowers your risk for smoking-related diseases and can add years to your life.^1,2

 Smoking and Death

Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States.¹

• Cigarette smoking causes more than 480,000 deaths each year in the United States. This is nearly one in five deaths.^1,2,3
• Smoking causes more deaths each year than the following causes combined:⁴
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
• Illegal drug use
• Alcohol use
• Motor vehicle injuries
• Firearm-related incidents

• More than 10 times as many U.S. citizens have died prematurely from cigarette smoking than have died in all the wars fought by the United States during its history.¹
• Smoking causes about 90% (or 9 out of 10) of all lung cancer deaths in men and women.^1,2 More women die from lung cancer each year than from breast cancer.⁵
• About 80% (or 8 out of 10) of all deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are caused by smoking.¹
• Cigarette smoking increases risk for death from all causes in men and women.¹
• The risk of dying from cigarette smoking has increased over the last 50 years in men and women in the United States.¹

Smoking and Increased Health Risks

Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to develop heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer.¹

• Smoking is estimated to increase the risk—
• For coronary heart disease by 2 to 4 times^1,6
• For stroke by 2 to 4 times¹
• Of men developing lung cancer by 25 times¹
• Of women developing lung cancer by 25.7 times¹
• Smoking causes diminished overall health, increased absenteeism from work, and increased health care utilization and cost.¹

Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease

Smokers are at greater risk for diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular disease).^1,2

• Smoking causes stroke and coronary heart disease, which are among the leading causes of death in the United States.^1,3
• Even people who smoke fewer than five cigarettes a day can have early signs of cardiovascular disease.¹
• Smoking damages blood vessels and can make them thicken and grow narrower. This makes your heart beat faster and your blood pressure go up. Clots can also form.^1,2
• A stroke occurs when a clot blocks the blood flow to part of your brain or when a blood vessel in or around your brain bursts.^1,2
• Blockages caused by smoking can also reduce blood flow to your legs and skin.^1,2

Smoking and Respiratory Disease

Smoking can cause lung disease by damaging your airways and the small air sacs (alveoli) found in your lungs.^1,2

• Lung diseases caused by smoking include COPD, which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.^1,2
• Cigarette smoking causes most cases of lung cancer.^1,2
• If you have asthma, tobacco smoke can trigger an attack or make an attack worse.^1,2
• Smokers are 12 to 13 times more likely to die from COPD than nonsmokers.¹

Smoking and Cancer

Smoking can cause cancer almost anywhere in your body:^1,2 (See figure above)

• Bladder
• Blood (acute myeloid leukemia)
• Cervix
• Colon and rectum (colorectal)
• Esophagus
• Kidney and ureter
• Larynx
• Liver
• Oropharynx (includes parts of the throat, tongue, soft palate, and the tonsils)
• Pancreas
• Stomach
• Trachea, bronchus, and lung

Smoking also increases the risk of dying from cancer and other diseases in cancer patients and survivors.¹

If nobody smoked, one of every three cancer deaths in the United States would not happen.^1,2

Smoking: In the long term, smokers are at greater risk of blood cancer (leukemia). There's a risk to nonsmokers, too. Breathing secondhand smoke has an immediate effect on the cardiovascular system. Exposure to secondhand smoke increases your risk ofstroke, heart attack, and coronary heart disease